![]() On 26 August, the Scottish government issued a Royal Proclamation that offered a pardon to anyone taking the Oath prior to 1 January 1692, with severe reprisals for those who did not. The Battle of Aughrim on 12 July ended Jacobite chances of victory in the Williamite War in Ireland, and immediate prospects of a Stuart restoration. Crucially, how the money was split between the signatories was not specified and disputes over this delayed the oath, with Breadalbane arguing part of it was owed to him as compensation for damage done to his estates by the Glencoe MacDonalds. The chiefs accepted his offer in the June 1691 Declaration of Achallader, with the Earl of Breadalbane signing for the government. In March 1690, Secretary of State Lord Stair offered them a total of £12,000 in return for swearing an Oath of allegiance to William. Ruins of Achallader Castle, site of the Declaration of June 1691Īfter Killiecrankie, the Scottish government tried to negotiate a settlement with the Jacobite chiefs, terms varying based on events in Ireland and Scotland. As peace in the Highlands required control of Lochaber, the region had far wider strategic importance than it appears. Policing it used resources needed for the Nine Years' War in Flanders, while close links between Western Scotland and Ulster meant unrest in one country often spilled into the other. ![]() ![]() Dundee and 600 Highlanders died in the victory at Killiecrankie on 27 July although organised Jacobite resistance ended after Cromdale in May 1690, much of the Highlands remained out of government hands. When James landed in Ireland to regain his kingdoms in March 1689, the Camerons and Keppoch MacDonalds joined a small force recruited by Viscount Dundee for a supporting campaign in Scotland. As a result, the government had to use military force to restore order before James VII and II was deposed by the November 1688 Glorious Revolution, he outlawed the Keppoch MacDonalds for attacking his troops. Primarily directed against areas in Cowal and Kintyre settled by Lowland migrants, it destabilised large parts of the central and southern Highlands. Levies from all four served in the Independent Companies used to suppress the Conventicles in 1678–80, and took part in the devastating Atholl raid that followed Argyll's Rising in 1685. Four Lochaber clans were consistently named in such accounts the Glencoe and Keppoch MacDonalds, the MacGregors and the Camerons. The exception was Lochaber, identified as a refuge for cattle raiders and thieves by government officials, other chiefs and Gaelic poets. Historians suggest the late-17th-century Highlands were more peaceful than often suggested, in part because chiefs could be fined for crimes committed by their clansmen. 2 Oath of allegiance to William and Mary.It became a significant element in the persistence of Jacobitism in the Highlands during the first half of the 18th century, and remains a powerful symbol for a variety of reasons. While there are examples of similar events in Scottish history, the brutality of the massacre shocked contemporaries. The reason for their selection is still debated, but appears to have been a combination of internal clan politics, and a reputation for lawlessness that made them an easy target. The Glencoe MacDonalds were not the only ones who failed to meet the deadline, as the Keppoch MacDonalds did not swear until early February. Under pressure from William, Secretary of State Lord Stair decided to make an example as a warning of the consequences for further delay. In late 1690, the Scottish government agreed to pay the Jacobite clan chiefs a total of £12,000 in return for swearing an oath of loyalty to William and Mary however, disagreements over how to divide the money meant by December 1691 none of them had taken the oath. An estimated 30 members and associates of Clan MacDonald of Glencoe were killed by Scottish government forces, allegedly for failing to pledge allegiance to the new monarchs, William III and Mary II.Īlthough the Jacobite rising of 1689 was no longer a serious threat by May 1690, unrest continued in the remote Highlands which consumed resources needed for the Nine Years' War in Flanders. The Massacre of Glencoe ( Scottish Gaelic: Murt Ghlinne Comhann) took place in Glen Coe in the Highlands of Scotland on 13 February 1692.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |